I'm not sure why it doesn't work for you but I have had no problems setting the default view in Windows Explorer. I have 64-bit Windows 7 set to show details by default and it works for the Open and Save dialogs in Firefox and Microsoft Office. It works the same in 64-bit Windows 8.
Possible reasons why it doesn't work:
- not applying it to all folders (of that type) in Folder Options dialog | View tab | Folders View | Apply to Folders button
- only applying it to only one type of folder when opening from or saving to a different folder type
See
How to Customize the Five Windows Folder Templates