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Introduction
If you ever accidentally open an exe program file in a text editor such as Notepad you will be confronted with a mass of unintelligible garbage on your screen. Worse still if you write the exe file back to disk, the program file would almost certainly be corrupted and would not work. That's because text editors are designed only to work with text files which are files with extensions such as .txt, .bat, .prg and .html. To view and safely change binary files such as .exe, .com and .dll files you need a hex editor, sometimes called a binary editor. However, most average PC users have no need for such a program but techies and gamers find them indispensable.
Discussion

There are some excellent free hex editors available that range from the small and simple editors to advanced products that are comparable to any commercial product. Hex editors are a software category where personal needs and preferences are so important that it is meaningless to pick a "best product". That of course doesn't stop me stating what I like.

For my needs, Hxd is a clear winner. Its first virtue is that it doesn't need installing. Second, it has a great interface. Third, it handles huge files without slowing down. Then add in unlimited undo, great searching and search/replace capabilities, binary file comparision, full support for ANSI, DOS/IBM-ASCII and EBCDIC character plus a dozen other features and you can see why I like it. But it doesn't stop there. Hxd also works as a RAW disk editor and a full read/write RAM editor. This power also makes it a dangerous tool in the hands of beginners. It may also give your security software apoplexy, but users skilled enough to use this product will understand this not a concern.

Hexplorer has some unique features which make it a powerful editor for images. If you want to open images in a hex editor you should try this out. However, I was unable to increase the font size which made reading difficult.

Related Products and Links
There are a few more hex editors like frhed, hex editor neo, etc. which I would review shortly. Stay tuned for updates.
Quick Selection Guide

Hxd    Rating 9 of 10  Gizmo's Top Pick

Pros  

1. Available in multiple languages.

2. Built in RAM and disk editor.

3. Loads only part of file to memory. Has a low memory footprint.

4. Files are opened instantaneously irrespective of their size.

5. Added capability to generate checksums and compare files using them.

6. Apart from Hex mode, it also has an Octal mode.

7. Features to concatenate, split and shred files

Cons   1. Changes to file are immediately saved to disk. Take a backup whenever editing files.
Developer Home Page   http://mh-nexus.de/en/hxd/
Download link   http://mh-nexus.de/en/downloads.php?product=HxD
File Size   772 KB - 855 KB   Version 1.7.6.6   License Type Unrestricted Freeware   Installation Requirements Windows 95 - Vista
Portable version available   Portable version available

Hexplorer    Rating 8 of 10

Pros  

1. Built in RAM and Disk editor.

2. Extra features like Fourier transform, pixel viewer to facilitate image editing.

3. Can understand common headers like NTFS/FAT headers, BMP headers, etc.

4. Supports macros to perform repetitive tasks.

Cons  

1. Stores entire file opened in memory. So opening large files is difficult.

2. Font size is extremely small on higher resolution systems making it nearly impossible to read certain parts. Can be the best software in this category otherwise.

Developer Home Page   http://sourceforge.net/projects/hexplorer
Download link   http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/hexplorer/hex_setup216.exe
File Size   479 KB   Version 2.6   License Type Open Source Freeware (includes program code)   Installation Requirements Windows 95 - Vista

XVI32    Rating 6 of 10

Pros  

1. Does not require an installation. Downloaded file runs standalone.

2. Supports scripting to automate repetitive tasks.

3. Supports wildcards in searches.

Cons  

1. Stores entire file opened in memory. So opening large files is difficult.

2. No undo feature.

Developer Home Page   http://www.chmaas.handshake.de/delphi/freeware/xvi32/xvi32.htm
Download link   http://www.handshake.de/user/chmaas/delphi/download/xvi32.zip
File Size   493 KB   Version 2.51   License Type Unrestricted Freeware   Installation Requirements Windows 95 - Vista
Portable version available   Portable version available

HexEdit    Rating 6 of 10

Pros  

1. Does not require an installation. Downloaded file runs standalone.

2. Basic RAM and disk editor in built.

3. In built calculator.

Cons   1. Stores entire file opened in memory. So opening large files is difficult.
Developer Home Page   http://www.mitec.cz/hex.html
Download link   http://www.mitec.cz/Downloads/HEXEdit.zip
File Size   638 KB   Version 4.3.0   License Type Unrestricted Freeware   Installation Requirements Windows 95 - Vista
Portable version available   Portable version available

Cygnus Free    Rating 5 of 10

Pros    
Cons  

1. Stores entire file opened in memory. So opening large files is difficult.

2. Viewing help in Windows Vista requires a Vista update. However, the software homepage has all details.

Developer Home Page   http://www.softcircuits.com/
Download link   http://www.softcircuits.com/dl/apps/cygnusfe.zip
File Size   285 KB   Version 1.00   License Type Restricted Freeware (full commercial version available)   Installation Requirements Windows NT-Vista
Info   The free version is simply an old version of the paid version. There are no restrictions on available features.
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